The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act of 1993 (PHR Act).

National Human Rights Commission is an independent body set up to safeguard human rights and address related grievances in India.

The intent of the blog to bring the investigation procedures by the National Human Rights Commission.

Purpose of NHRC

The main goal of National Human Rights Commission is to protect and promote human rights, which include the rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity of individuals guaranteed by the Constitution of India or any international covenants.

Functions of NHRC

Investigations and Inquiries: The NHRC can conduct inquiries based on complaints received or on its own (suo-motu) about violations of human rights.

Intervention in Court Proceedings: The Commission has the authority to intervene in court cases that involve significant human rights issues.

Public Awareness and Education: The NHRC promotes awareness about human rights through campaigns, seminars, and educational programs to educate the public about their rights.

Powers of NHRC

To carry out its investigations and inquiries, the NHRC has several powers:

Summon Witnesses: It can summon individuals to appear before the Commission and give testimony.

Request Documents: It can demand the production of any document necessary for the investigation.

Utilize Officers and Agencies: For investigative purposes, the NHRC can use the services of officers or investigation agencies from the Central or State Governments.

Process of Inquiry by NHRC

During the inquiry by NHRC may call for reports from the State or Central Governments or from any authority. If the NHRC does not receive the required report, it may proceed to conduct inquiries on its own. This ensures that the Commission can act independently if other authorities fail to provide the necessary information.

Action After the Inquiry

If the NHRC finds evidence of human rights violations, it can recommend several actions to the concerned government or authority. These recommendations may include the payment of compensation to the victims, initiating legal proceedings against the perpetrators, or taking other appropriate actions to address the violation.

Commission Members

The NHRC is chaired by a retired Chief Justice of India, ensuring that the body is led by someone with significant legal expertise and experience.

Notable Interventions

The NHRC has been involved in several significant cases, such as the investigation of custodial deaths, police brutality, and ensuring the rights of marginalized communities.

Challenges and Criticisms

Despite its crucial role, the NHRC faces challenges such as limited resources, political pressures, and criticisms regarding its effectiveness and timely intervention. Addressing these challenges is essential for the NHRC to function more efficiently.

Future Directions

To enhance its effectiveness, potential reforms include increasing its financial resources, strengthening its legal powers, and ensuring greater autonomy from political influences.

The NHRC plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights in India by investigating violations, intervening in legal proceedings, and ensuring that the principles of justice and dignity are upheld for all individuals. By promoting awareness and addressing challenges, the NHRC strives to create a more just and equitable society.